Ten Signs of Global Warming

北极海冰面积正在减少

The area covered by sea ice has been smaller every year for the past 30 years, with an average decrease of 3.2% per decade. The sea ice reaches its lowest cover in September, and then grows again during the winter. 9月份最低保险金额的下降速度甚至更快 13.4% per decade2016年9月，美国的保险覆盖率创历史新低.

异常温暖的冬季气温会影响植物的再生, 2016年10月至2017年1月 lowest daily extent of sea ice 这可能是由于北极创纪录的高温造成的. The Arctic Report Card released in December 2016 showed a variety of records, including temperature. The 海冰的体积也在减少. And the trend continues in 2017.

Ocean heat content is increasing

大多数主要海水的顶部半英里正在变暖. 海洋吸收的热量减少了 在过去二十年中显著增加. Warmer ocean water damages coral reefs, threatens marine ecosystems, and disrupts global fisheries. A change in ocean heat content can also alter patterns of ocean circulation, 哪些会对全球617888九五至尊娱乐状况产生深远影响, including changes to the outcome and pattern of meteorological events such as tropical storms, 以及北大西洋地区的温度, 受哪些因素影响最大 currents 这可能会随着大气中二氧化碳的增加而大幅减少.

海洋上空的气温正在升高

就像陆地上的温度越来越高， so are temperatures over oceans. 靠近海洋表面的温暖空气导致蒸发增加, 更多的蒸发意味着空气中有更多的水蒸气. The increased amount of water vapor not only contributes to extra warming, but 可能馈送强降水事件 and 充当潜在飓风的燃料, if other conditions are right.

海面温度正在升高

海洋表面正在变暖. 地表水温的测量 比过去30年更高 比1880年开始测量以来的任何时候都要高. From 1901 through 2015, 海洋表面温度以平均0.13°F per decade, and they continue to rise. 海水表面变暖会严重损害珊瑚礁, facilitate algal blooms, 再加上海洋上空的空气温度升高, can increase the destructive potential of tropical cyclones and hurricanes.

Global sea level is rising

Records show that the sea level has been rising steadily across the globe at a rate of 0.04 to 0.1 inches per year since 1900. 根据NASA的数据，目前的速度是 0.13 in/year这表明上涨正在加速. The main reasons for the rise are thermal expansion due to higher sea water temperatures (warmer water expands) and the added water from melting of land ice, such as glaciers.

海平面上升的影响 can go from permanently flooded areas (below future sea level) to an increase of seasonal and “nuisance” floods, 以及更严重(更高)的风暴潮. Sea level rise also threatens freshwater supplies and ecosystem services such as natural water filtration, as well as human coastal infrastructure.

湿度在增加(导致更暖)

Weather stations have recorded 空气中水蒸气含量增加 外面热的时候，感觉就更热了. 当地表温度升高时(陆地和海面), it leads to more evaporation, 结果是大气湿度增加. 因为水蒸气是一种温室气体， 湿度的增加导致了额外的变暖.

低层大气的温度正在升高

大气并没有均匀地变暖. 相反，变暖集中在大气的低层, 叫做对流层(我们生活的地方), where weather occurs, and where planes fly). 对流层温度的上升证明了 human fingerprint in global warming caused through the release of emissions from burning coal, oil, and natural gas.

陆地上空的气温正在升高

陆地上空的气温比海洋上空上升得更快. The excess heat in the atmosphere has been measured by weather stations over land across the globe. The increase in air temperature is not homogeneous throughout the globe – for instance, 北极的变暖速度正在加快 than other areas. The excess heat in the air can be linked to increased frequency of heat waves across the globe, 害虫分布更广(例如.g.美国西北部的松甲虫.S.), and various health-related issues such as the spread of tropical diseases further north into the U.S.

积雪减少，积雪融化提前

北半球春季被雪覆盖的区域是 getting smaller, 不仅仅是因为在一些地区和年份里雪少了, but also because snowpacks are melting earlier due to warmer temperatures. People all over the world rely on melting snow to replenish their water supplies, and the earlier melt (and sometimes smaller accumulation) reduces the water availability for these people, threatening their way of life. In the U.S.617888九五至尊娱乐家们认为，积雪的减少和 内华达山脉的积雪提前融化 was one of the factors behind the long, extreme drought that began affecting California in 2011.

Glaciers are melting

Glaciers are an essential source of water for many places around the world, 在哪里，人们依靠冰川融水来补充他们的含水层. Glaciers are retreating at an astonishing pace – three times the ice volume stored in the entirety of the European Alps is lost globally every year. As glaciers melt, water supplies are at risk and there is also the potential for soil destabilization and erosion because glacial waters carve rivers through their melting path.  

Melting glaciers also can lead to hazardous conditions such as landslides and avalanches for communities below, who also value glaciers’ aesthetic value: the sheer loss of the natural beauty of glaciers majestic sights is culturally significant. The evidence of these changes is clear: Glacier National Park only has 估计150个冰川中的25个 在19世纪就存在了.